Preprint / Version 1

COVID-19: A Compendium of SARS-CoV-2 Invasion and Host Defense

Authors

  • Madhura Ketkar Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-5086
  • Debashmita Sarkar Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
  • Shilpee Dutt Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21467/preprints.47

Abstract

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 has spread like a wildfire, causing respiratory distress in humans at an alarming rate since its inception at Wuhan, China in December 2019. The mortality rate is 2-3%, causing more complications in elderly people, males with pre-existing medical conditions like diabetes, asthma, cardiac anomalies. Self-isolation is the best strategy to effectively contain the virus and prevent the spread. Like the SARS and MERS outbreaks in previous decades, this transmission has also been from animals to humans. However, due to novel alterations in spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 has a high affinity towards host cell Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2) receptor, which has allowed for its rapid human to human transmission. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to gain knowledge about the virus in detail and our own immune system proficiency in combating the infection. In the present review, we focus on the genomic and proteomic features of SARS-CoV-2, the infection mechanism and immune response of the host to the virus along with potential therapeutic interventions. Understanding the crux of infection will aid in devising therapeutic strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 entry, Coronavirus pathogenesis, Host immune response, Immunotherapy

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2020-05-02

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