The Trend of High Consumption of Fast Foods and Its Impact on Families, Individuals, and Societies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21467/preprints.389Abstract
Fast-food consumption has become a global trend in many nations over the last several decades, with people eating meals outside of the home or at home using takeaway or home delivery services provided by food stores. Several studies have found that when compared to children or adults, young adults consume the highest rate of fast foods. Despite the fact that eating fast food is not gender-specific, several studies have found that men consume more fast food than women. Other characteristics include age restrictions, the atmosphere, fast food outlet location, food availability, family eating patterns, and a race/ethnic minority-based location; psychosocial aspects such as fast food variety, an occasion for consuming junk foods, fast food desire, and fast food convenience; and psychosocial aspects such as fast food variety, an occasion for consuming junk foods, fast food desire, and fast food convenience. Processed foods have a large variety of negative health consequences. Overweight/ obesity, heart disease & strokes, diabetes mellitus, cancer, early death, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia; mental health problems: depression, psychiatric distress, and violent behavior are all long-term factors. Junk food consumption has been proven in several studies to alter metabolism, diminish muscle strength, promote inflammation, and raise the risk of allergies, asthma, poor indigestion, and constipation in the short term. Fast food consumption is also influenced by social factors such as household poverty and food insecurity. Fast food has a lot of positives, including the fact that it takes less time to prepare, is a better option than skipping a meal, is economical, provides a variety of selections, and creates a large number of job chances. The research revealed a number of flaws that may be addressed in future studies, and the nutrients in fast foods could be considered for the world's future population and future health intervention programs to reduce negative health effects.
Keywords:
Fast foods, consumption, young adults, health impactDownloads
References
Paeratakul S, Ferdinand DP, Champagne CM, Ryan DH, Bray GA. Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: dietary and nutrient intake profile. Journal of the American dietetic Association. 2003;103(10):1332-8.
Gesteiro E, García-Carro A, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, González-Gross M. Eating out of Home: Influence on Nutrition, Health, and Policies: A Scoping Review. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1265.
Mackay S, Gontijo de Castro T, Young L, Shaw G, Ni Mhurchu C, Eyles H. Energy, Sodium, Sugar and Saturated Fat Content of New Zealand Fast-Food Products and Meal Combos in 2020. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4010.
Bowman SA, Vinyard BT. Fast food consumption of US adults: impact on energy and nutrient intakes and overweight status. Journal of the american college of nutrition. 2004;23(2):163-8.
Elliott Davis Jr. CDC Report: U.S. Kids Are Eating More Fast Food. US News 2020 Aug. 14, 2020, at 12:01 a.m.
Bowman SA, Gortmaker SL, Ebbeling CB, Pereira MA, Ludwig DS. Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey. Pediatrics. 2004;113(1):112-8.
Musaiger AO. Consumption, health attitudes and perception toward fast food among Arab consumers in Kuwait: gender differences. Global journal of health science. 2014;6(6):136.
Kelsie Sandoval. Kids in the U.S. are eating more fast food, the CDC reports: Over one third of kids eat fast food on any given day. NBC News. 2020 Aug. 14, 2020, 9:48 PM +06.
Haque N, Towhidul Islam M, Hassan T, Shekhar HU. Determination of heavy metal contents in frequently consumed fast foods of Bangladesh. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2019;89(2):543-9.
Yang W, Zhen X, Gao W, Ouyang S. An examination of the impact of neighbourhood walking environments on the likelihood of residents of dense urban areas becoming overweight or obese. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien. 2020;64(4):619-33.
Bragg MA, Pageot YK, Amico A, Miller AN, Gasbarre A, Rummo PE, et al. Fast food, beverage, and snack brands on social media in the United States: An examination of marketing techniques utilized in 2000 brand posts. Pediatric obesity. 2020;15(5):e12606.
Poor diets damaging children’s health worldwide, warns UNICEF: Poverty, urbanization, climate change and poor eating choices driving unhealthy diets [press release]. Online, 15 October 2019 2019.
Longacre MR, Drake KM, MacKenzie TA, Gibson L, Owens P, Titus LJ, et al. Fast-food environments and family fast-food intake in nonmetropolitan areas. American journal of preventive medicine. 2012;42(6):579-87.
Ohri-Vachaspati P, DeWeese RS, Acciai F, DeLia D, Tulloch D, Tong D, et al. Healthy food access in low-income high-minority communities: a longitudinal assessment—2009–2017. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(13):2354.
Austin SB, Melly SJ, Sanchez BN, Patel A, Buka S, Gortmaker SL. Clustering of fast-food restaurants around schools: a novel application of spatial statistics to the study of food environments. American journal of public health. 2005;95(9):1575-81.
Min J, Jahns L, Xue H, Kandiah J, Wang Y. Americans’ perceptions about fast food and how they associate with its consumption and obesity risk. Advances in Nutrition. 2018;9(5):590-601.
Oveisi NR. Fast Food Restaurants: A Racialized Foodscape: The George Washington University; 2021.
Morland K, Wing S, Roux AD, Poole C. Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. American journal of preventive medicine. 2002;22(1):23-9.
Casey C, Huang Q, Talegawkar SA, Sylvetsky AC, Sacheck JM, DiPietro L, et al. Added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium intake from snacks among US adolescents by eating location. Preventive medicine reports. 2021;24:101630.
Jensen ML, Schwartz MB. Junk food consumption trends point to the need for retail policies. Oxford University Press; 2021. p. 837-8.
Dunford EK, Popkin B, Ng SW. Junk food intake among adults in the United States. The Journal of Nutrition. 2022;152(2):492-500.
Edwards L, McCray NL, VanNoy BN, Yau A, Geller RJ, Adamkiewicz G, et al. Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items from US fast food chains: a preliminary analysis. Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology. 2021:1-8.
Mohammadbeigi A, Asgarian A, Moshir E, Heidari H, Afrashteh S, Khazaei S, et al. Fast food consumption and overweight/obesity prevalence in students and its association with general and abdominal obesity. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene. 2018;59(3):E236.
Hamish M, Angus C. Evaluation of Fast Food Consumption among Children and Teenagers. 2019.
Roberts SB, Das SK, Suen VMM, Pihlajamäki J, Kuriyan R, Steiner-Asiedu M, et al. Measured energy content of frequently purchased restaurant meals: multi-country cross sectional study. bmj. 2018;363.
Seo H-s, Lee S-K, Nam S. Factors influencing fast food consumption behaviors of middle-school students in Seoul: an application of theory of planned behaviors. Nutrition research and practice. 2011;5(2):169-78.
Shin E-K, Kim S-Y, Lee S-H, Bae I-Y, Lee H-G. Fast food consumption patterns and eating habits of 6th grade elementary school children in Seoul. Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life. 2008;18(5):662-74.
Jeong J, Kim S. A survey of dietary behavior and fast food consumption by high school students in Seoul. J Korean home econ assoc. 2001;39:111-24.
Ndlovu N, Day C, Aagaard-Hansen J, Sartorius B, Hofman K. Assessment of food environments in obesity reduction: a tool for public health action. South African Health Review. 2018;2018(1):115-23.
Bastami F, Zamani-Alavijeh F, Mostafavi F. Factors behind healthy snack consumption at school among high-school students: a qualitative study. BMC public health. 2019;19(1):1-7.
Banik R, Naher S, Pervez S, Hossain MM. Fast food consumption and obesity among urban college going adolescents in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Obesity Medicine. 2020;17:100161.
Janssen HG, Davies IG, Richardson LD, Stevenson L. Determinants of takeaway and fast food consumption: a narrative review. Nutrition research reviews. 2018;31(1):16-34.
Moore LV, Diez Roux AV, Nettleton JA, Jacobs DR, Franco M. Fast-food consumption, diet quality, and neighborhood exposure to fast food: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. American journal of epidemiology. 2009;170(1):29-36.
Khongrangjem T, Dsouza SM, Prabhu P, Dhange VB, Pari V, Ahirwar SK, et al. A study to assess the knowledge and practice of fast food consumption among Pre-University students in Udupi Taluk, Karnataka, India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2018;6(4):172-5.
Atinkut HB, Tingwu Y, Gebisa B, Qin S, Assefa K, Yazie B, et al. Factors influencing consumers choice of street-foods and fast-foods in China. African journal of Marketing management. 2018;10(4):28-39.
Shen W, Long LM, Shih C-H, Ludy M-J. A humanities-based explanation for the effects of emotional eating and perceived stress on food choice motives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2712.
Monge-Rojas R, Smith-Castro V, Colón-Ramos U, Aragón MC, Herrera-Raven F. Psychosocial factors influencing the frequency of fast-food consumption among urban and rural Costa Rican adolescents. Nutrition. 2013;29(7-8):1007-12.
Widaningrum DL, Surjandari I, Sudiana D. Discovering spatial patterns of fast-food restaurants in Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering. 2020;37(8):403-21.
Verma VC, Gupta DD. An investigative study of factors influencing dining out in casual restaurants among young consumers. European Business & Management. 2018;4(1):39.
Chua B-L, Karim S, Lee S, Han H. Customer restaurant choice: an empirical analysis of restaurant types and eating-out occasions. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(17):6276.
Rahkovsky I, Jo Y, Carlson A. Consumers Balance Time and Money in Purchasing Convenience Foods. 2018.
Brissette C. This is Your Body on Fast Food The Washington Post. 2018 March 1, 2018.
Burgoine T, Sarkar C, Webster CJ, Monsivais P. Examining the interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and income on diet and obesity: evidence from 51,361 UK Biobank participants. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2018;15(1):1-12.
Costa CS, Del-Ponte B, Assunção MCF, Santos IS. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and body fat during childhood and adolescence: a systematic review. Public health nutrition. 2018;21(1):148-59.
Chee Cheong K, Yoon Ling C, Kuang Hock L, Mohd Ghazali S, Chien Huey T, Che Ibrahim MK, et al. Association between availability of neighborhood fast food outlets and overweight among 5–18 year-old children in peninsular malaysia: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(4):593.
Davis B, Carpenter C. Proximity of fast-food restaurants to schools and adolescent obesity. American journal of public health. 2009;99(3):505-10.
Jia P, Luo M, Li Y, Zheng J-S, Xiao Q, Luo J. Fast-food restaurant, unhealthy eating, and childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2019;22:e12944.
Jaworowska A, Blackham T, Davies IG, Stevenson L. Nutritional challenges and health implications of takeaway and fast food. Nutrition reviews. 2013;71(5):310-8.
Ahmed B, Sultana R, Greene MW. Adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021;137:111315.
Asadi M, Shahzeidi M, Nadjarzadeh A, Hashemi Yusefabad H, Mansoori A. The relationship between pre?pregnancy dietary patterns adherence and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iran: A case–control study. Nutrition & Dietetics. 2019;76(5):597-603.
Fuhrman J. The hidden dangers of fast and processed food. American journal of lifestyle medicine. 2018;12(5):375-81.
Lane MM, Davis JA, Beattie S, Gómez?Donoso C, Loughman A, O'Neil A, et al. Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review and meta?analysis of 43 observational studies. Obesity reviews. 2021;22(3):e13146.
Blanco-Rojo R, Sandoval-Insausti H, López-Garcia E, Graciani A, Ordovas JM, Banegas JR, et al., editors. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and mortality: a national prospective cohort in Spain. Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 2019: Elsevier.
Li S, Cao M, Yang C, Zheng H, Zhu Y. Association of sugar-sweetened beverage intake with risk of metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in urban China. Public Health Nutrition. 2020;23(15):2770-80.
Azemati B, Kelishadi R, Ahadi Z, Shafiee G, Taheri M, Ziaodini H, et al. Association between junk food consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents population: the CASPIAN-V study. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2020;25(2):329-35.
Xu H, Guo J, Wan Y, Zhang S, Yang R, Xu H, et al. Association between screen time, fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020:458.
Xu H, Wu X, Wan Y, Zhang S, Yang R, Wang W, et al. Interaction effects of co-consumption of fast food and sugar-sweetened beverages on psychological symptoms: evidence from a nationwide survey among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;276:104-11.
Khan A, Uddin R. Is consumption of fast-food and carbonated soft drink associated with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance among adolescents? A population-based study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2020;36:162-5.
Hu D, Cheng L, Jiang W. Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and the risk of depression: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Journal of affective disorders. 2019;245:348-55.
Xu H, Sun Y, Wan Y, Zhang S, Xu H, Yang R, et al. Eating pattern and psychological symptoms: A cross-sectional study based on a national large sample of Chinese adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019;244:155-63.
Manca R, Bombillar F, Glomski C, Pica A. Obesity and immune system impairment: A global problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine. 2022(Preprint):1-16.
Patni K, Pande A, Joshi T. A Review on Hazardous Chemicals Present in Junk Food. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Vole-22. 2020:450-5.
Nkosi V, Rathogwa-Takalani F, Voyi K. The frequency of fast food consumption in relation to wheeze and asthma among adolescents in Gauteng and North West Provinces, South Africa. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(6):1994.
Wang CS, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang HP, Wang L, et al. Is the consumption of fast foods associated with asthma or other allergic diseases? Respirology. 2018;23(10):901-13.
Redondo-Flórez L, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Ramos-Campo DJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Gender differences in stress-and burnout-related factors of university professors. BioMed Research International. 2020;2020.
Wani PH, Sarode N. IMPACT OF FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION ON HEALTH. International Journal on Recent Trends in Business and Tourism (IJRTBT). 2018;2(3):79-83.
Santos-Andreoli C, Vieira-Ribeiro S-A, Almeida-Fonseca P-C, Bandeira-Moreira A-V, Machado-Rocha-Ribeiro S, Batista-de-Morais M, et al. Eating habits, lifestyle and intestinal constipation in children aged four to seven years. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2019;36(1):25-31.
Walke MM, Sakharkar MS. ASSESS THE RISK OF CONSTIPATION AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERY. International Journal of Modern Agriculture. 2020;9(3):120-4.
Sugar R. Online: VOx. 2018. [cited Oct 24, 2018, ]. Available from: https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/10/24/18018544/fast-food-cdc-class-rich-people.
Zagorsky JLS, Patricia The Conversation [Internet]. Online CNN Health 2017. [cited July 12, 2017]. Available from: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/12/health/poor-americans-fast-food-partner/index.html.
Keske C. Fast food is comforting, but in low-income areas it crowds out fresher options. The Conversation. 2020.
Petimar J, Zhang F, Rimm EB, Simon D, Cleveland LP, Gortmaker SL, et al. Changes in the calorie and nutrient content of purchased fast food meals after calorie menu labeling: A natural experiment. PLoS medicine. 2021;18(7):e1003714.
Patel PC, Struckell EM, Ojha D. Calorie labeling law and fast food chain performance: The value of capital responsiveness under sales volatility. Journal of Business Research. 2020;117:346-56.
Anitharaj M. Global Fast Food Retailing In India–A Way Ahead. IOSR Journal of Business and Management. 2018;20(2):38-43.
Sena M. Online: Franchise Help. 2020. Available from: https://www.franchisehelp.com/industry-reports/fast-food-industry-analysis-2020-cost-trends/.
Schröder MJ, McEachern MG. Fast foods and ethical consumer value: a focus on McDonald's and KFC. British food journal. 2005.
Downloads
Posted
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Nusrat Parvin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Any non-commercial use, distribution, adaptation, and reproduction in any medium is permitted as long as the original work is properly cited. However, caution and responsibility are required when reusing as the articles on the preprint server are not peer-reviewed. Readers are advised to check for the availability of any updated or peer-reviewed version.