A Novel Method for Forensic Examination of Bribery Cases Using Alpha-Naphtholphthalein
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21467/preprints.588Abstract
Background: Corruption is one of the major issues of India and other third world countries. Anti-corruption Bureau, detective agencies and various Forensic Science Laboratories make use of indicator dyes/detective dyes, such as, Phenolphthalein and Anthracene for catching a person involved in taking bribe, red-handed. This study aims to solve the issue of fading out of colour and fluorescence due to extraneous substances, often encountered in case of traditional dyes. To overcome the limitations faced in case of traditional dyes, a new and innovative approach by using ?-naphtholphthalein [3,3-Bis(4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one] has been developed. Results: The sensitivity of the method was evaluated and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 243.2005 ?g/mL or ppm and 736.9712 ?g/mL or ppm respectively, with a regression coefficient of 0.987. Conclusion: Two pathways have been suggested in this study – Aerosol spray method and the traditional wash-solution method. The resulting wash solution and the turquoise blue coloured solution have been analysed using Acid-Alkali test, pH test, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Colorimetry and UV Spectrophotometry.
Keywords:
Trap case, Detective dye, CorruptionDownloads
References
Bahoo, S., Alon, I., & Paltrinieri, A. (2020). Corruption in international business: A review and research agenda. International Business Review, 29(4), 101660.
Basu, A. (2021). Examination of Tampered Voice Cases. In: Singh, J., Sharma, N.R. (eds) Crime Scene Management within Forensic science. Springer, Singapore.
Devadas, G. (2016). The history of Indian Penal Code. International journal of multidisciplinary educational research , 5(6), 102.
Dewantara, J. A., Hermawan, Y., Yunus, D., Prasetiyo, W. H., Efriani, E., Arifiyanti, F., & Nurgiansah, T. H. (2021). Anti-corruption education as an effort to form students with character humanist and law-compliant. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 18(1), 70-81.
?urana, J., Kocábková, B., Rakovský, J., Pysanenko, A., Kresin, V., Fedor, J., & Fárník, M. (2024). What does it take to stabilize a naphthalene anion?. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 161(12).
Ekici, A., & Ekici, ?. Ö. (2021). Understanding and managing complexity through Bayesian network approach: The case of bribery in business transactions. Journal of Business Research, 129, 757-773.
Hock, B. (2021). Policing corporate bribery: negotiated settlements and bundling. Policing and Society, 31(8), 950-966.
Jain, A. K. (2001). Corruption: A review. Journal of economic surveys, 15(1), 71-121.
Jayakumar, S. V. (2011). Heritage Management: Law & The Role of Public Interest Litgation.
McGee, R. W., Benk, S., & Yüzba??, B. (2023). Religious attitudes toward bribery: A comparative study. In The Ethics of Bribery: Theoretical and Empirical Studies (pp. 11-29). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Mistek, E., Fikiet, M. A., Khandasammy, S. R., & Lednev, I. K. (2018). Toward Locard’s exchange principle: Recent developments in forensic trace evidence analysis. Analytical chemistry, 91(1), 637-654.
Rabari, M., & Prajapati, A. K. (2024). Naphthalene-based symmetrical liquid crystalline dimers: Synthesis, characterization, mesomorphic behaviour and DFT studies. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1307, 137971.
Regulatory affairs-Thermo Fisher Scientific. (2021). Safety Data Sheet. New Jersey, USA: Fisher Scientific Company. https://s27.q4cdn.com/797047529/files/doc_financials/2021/ar/AR_497849.pdf
Rajvanshi A.C. et al. (2021). Forensic Guide for Crime Investigators. National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science: 275-87 https://jhpolice.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents-reports/jhpolice_ebook_a_forensic_guide_for_crime_investigators.pdf
Schoultz, I., & Flyghed, J. (2021). Performing unbelonging in court. Observations from a transnational corporate bribery trial—a dramaturgical approach. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1-20.
Shapovalov, V., & Veits, O. (2022). Forensic and pharmaceutical, criminal and legal, social and economic study of the conditions, that cause bribery corruption in the system of legal relations" doctor-patient-investigator-lawyer". SSP Modern Law and Practice, 2(3), 1-16.
Sharshova, M. L. (2021). On the concept of forensic support for anti-corruption compliance. Gaps in Russian Legislation, 14(1), 186-190.
Sharshova, M. L. (2021). The Concept of Forensic Risk Assessment in an Anti-Corruption Compliance System. Gaps in Russian Legislation, 14(4), 354-357.
Singh, R. (2022). Narration and legacy of important chemical spot tests in forensic investigation. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 52(1), 35-52.
Uhrov?ík, J. (2014). Strategy for determination of LOD and LOQ values–Some basic aspects. Talanta, 119, 178-180.
Teremetskyi, V., Duliba, Y., Kroitor, V., Korchak, N., & Makarenko, O. (2021). Corruption and strengthening anti-corruption efforts in healthcare during the pandemic of Covid-19. Medico-Legal Journal, 89(1), 25-28.
Topchii, V., Zadereiko, S., Didkivska, G., Bodunova, O., & Shevchenko, D. (2021). International anti-corruption standards. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 7(5), 277-286.
Verma, R and Pramanik, S (2019). Dissociation of phenolphthalein helps in solving Bribe Trap Case: Forensic approach. Inter. J. Pharma. Sci. Res, 10, 362-367. https://www.ijpsr.info/docs/IJPSR19-10-11-001.pdf
Yadav, P and Goutam. M P (2014). Forensic Analysis of Phenolphthalein in Trap Cases—A Critical Review. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach and Studies, (IJMAS). 1 (4), 82- 92.
Working Procedure Manual: Chemistry (2021). Directorate of Forensic science, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi, 37 – 43.
Yusuf, M. (2024). Phthalein Dyes: Chemistry and Characteristics. Jabirian Journal of Biointerface Research in Pharmaceutics and Applied Chemistry, 1(3), 01-05.
Downloads
Posted
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rahul Das, Vichar Mishra, Jayati Mishra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Any non-commercial use, distribution, adaptation, and reproduction in any medium is permitted as long as the original work is properly cited. However, caution and responsibility are required when reusing as the articles on the preprint server are not peer-reviewed. Readers are advised to check for the availability of any updated or peer-reviewed version.